Site Description

This section provides a description of the developed areas, Tribes, physical features, hydrology, climate and winds, and tides and currents found along the Snake River corridor, specifically the Snake River Little Goose Pool GRP (SLIGO-GRP) and includes an overview of the oil spill risks in the region.

The Snake River originates in Yellowstone National Park and travels approximately 1,000 miles west through Wyoming, Idaho, and Washington before finally emptying into the Columbia River at Pasco. The Snake River is the largest tributary to the Columbia River and is itself one of the major rivers in the United States. The SLIGO-GRP encompasses the 37.2-mile reach of the Little Goose Pool, from the upstream side of the Little Goose Dam (located at river mile 70.3) to the downstream side of the Lower Granite Dam (located at river mile 107.5). The area below the Little Goose Dam is encompassed by the Snake River Lower Monumental GRP and the area upriver of the Lower Granite Dam is encompassed by the Snake River Lower Granite GRP. The area resides in Water Resource Inventory Area Middle Snake (WRIA 35).

Developed Areas

The area around the Little Goose Pool is rural with no population centers present. Pasco and Kennewick are the largest cities nearby, both located downstream of the Lower Monumental Dam near the confluence of the Snake and Columbia Rivers. The planning area falls within the boundaries of Franklin and Whitman counties to the north and Walla Walla, Columbia, and Garfield counties to the south.

Tribes of the Snake River

The Snake River is within the usual and accustomed territories of several American Indian Tribes. There are no Indian reservations in the planning area. Federally recognized Tribes with access to the resources of the Snake River and surrounding area may include the Colville, Nez Perce, Umatilla, Yakima, Spokane, and Coeur D Alene Tribes.

Tribes can fill many roles during an oil spill response including full participation in Unified Command, providing resource specialists in the Environmental Unit, monitoring on-scene operations, and more. Information regarding tribal participation in a response is available on the Northwest Area Committee/Region 10 Regional Response Team website. Contact information for the tribes in this planning area can be found in the Resources at Risk section and on the Spill Response Contact Sheet of this GRP.

Physical Features

Geology & Landscape

Volcanic activity built up a stratum of mud, ash, and lava in the geologic column in the area now known as eastern and central Washington and Oregon. Basalt flows then covered the area in layers, forming a strong foundation of basaltic rock at least one mile thick. Subsequent lava and ash eruptions raised the Cascade Mountains. As the mountains rose, the Snake and Columbia Rivers carved out deep gorges. The Missoula floods battered these gorges over 100 times when the glacial dam forming Glacial Lake Missoula was repeatedly breached, scouring the landscape. This series of events has been described as one of the greatest flood occurrences in the history of the earth. Basalt bluffs, cliffs, and rolling hills are interspersed throughout most of the length of the Snake River. Basalt cliffs make shoreline access difficult if not impossible in many areas along the Snake River.

Cultural Features

The Snake River is rich in archaeological resources. Evidence shows that the Columbia Plateau was inhabited as early as 11,500 years ago, and that settlements were established as early as 11,230 years ago. Well before the establishment of white settlements, Native Americans had developed the largest trading center in the Northwest at the Long Narrows of The Dalles/Celilo Falls area on the Columbia River. Celilo is believed to be the oldest continuously inhabited community on the North American continent. The center linked a trade network that extended along the entire Pacific Coast and inland to the Great Plains. Numerous archaeological sites along the Snake River are listed on the National Register of Historic Places and numerous other sites are known, including villages, fishing sites, temporary camps, storage pits, burials, shell middens, and rock art such as pictographs and petroglyphs.

Europeans and Americans began exploring and trading in the Pacific Northwest in the 18th century with trade items being transported into the Snake River Basin during that period. First contact occurred in the region in 1805 when the Lewis and Clark Expedition traveled down the Snake and into the Columbia River. Other expeditions of exploration soon followed, and trading operations were established. The Northwest Company built Fort Nez Perce in 1818 near the mouth of the Walla Walla River on the Columbia. Missionaries arrived in the 1830s and were followed by settlers in the 1840s.

From the mid to late 1800’s, numerous settlements were established along both the Columbia and Snake Rivers. Gold was discovered near Fort Colville in 1855 prompting an influx of miners. With traders, farmers, ranchers, and miners arriving in the area, steamboats began navigating the Snake River in the 1860s. Steamboats traversed over 60 sets of rapids in the free-flowing river when traveling between Pasco, Washington and Lewiston, Idaho. The USACE started modifying the Columbia River to aid vessel navigation as early as 1873 by removing obstructions; from 1876 to 1915 canals were built. The first dam was constructed on the Snake River in 1901. Between the 1950’s-1980’s, the USACE started the Lower Snake River Project with the construction of four dams in eastern Washington, bringing the total number of dams on the Snake River to 15. (USACE, Lower Snake River Dams)

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Shoreline Description

Along the Snake River the following shoreline types are present: exposed rocky headlands, wave-cut platforms, pocket beaches along exposed rocky shores, sand beaches, sand and gravel beaches, sand and cobble beaches, sheltered rocky shores, and sheltered marshes (Shoreline Countermeasures Manual).

Dams & Irrigation

Human activity has had a major impact on the Snake River. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) has shaped the Snake River into its current form through the construction of dams; structures designed to provide irrigation water, hydroelectricity, flood control, and improved navigation. The four dams in the Lower Snake River Project were built primarily to create a navigable channel from the mouth of the Snake River to the beginning of Hells Canyon, located upstream of Lewiston, Idaho near the borders of eastern Washington, eastern Oregon, and western Idaho. The Lower Snake River dams, in downstream order, include: Lower Granite Lock and Dam, Little Goose Lock and Dam, Lower Monumental Lock and Dam, and Ice Harbor Lock and Dam.

Superfund Sites & Other Historic Pollution Sites

None noted in this area.

Socio-economic Features

Large Scale Restoration Sites

None noted in this area.

Fishing & Sustenance

The Snake River once hosted some of the largest runs of various types of salmon on the continent. Sadly, this is no longer the case as most species of salmon and steelhead in the Snake River are now threatened or endangered. Harvesting salmon plays a central role in the cultures of numerous Tribes in the area. Restoration of these salmon runs is of vital importance to Tribes and various state and federal agencies overseeing the resources of the area.

Recreation & Tourism

The spectacular beauty of the Snake River Gorge attracts tourists and provides a wealth of recreational opportunities including camping, hiking, fishing, hunting, mountain biking, and recreational boating. Public recreation areas which include boat launches are located at Little Goose Landing, Garfield Landing, Willow Landing Park, Illia Landing, and Boyer Park and Marina. Most of these also have camp sites. The Snake River also hosts small inland cruise ships, which can be seen transiting to Lewiston, Idaho and back while making stops along the way.

In addition to the recreational opportunities listed above, the USACE maintains nine Habitat Management Units (HMU’s) located along the shore in this GRP area. HMU’s provide habitat for wildlife as well as fishing, hunting, and hiking opportunities for the public (USACE HMU’s).

Economic Drivers

Due to the USACE Lock and Dam system, the Snake River functions as an industrial transportation corridor, with barges transiting from the confluence with the Columbia River to Lewiston, Idaho and back. The Columbia and Snake River corridor provides a route for the transport of agricultural products from farms in the interior of the country to the Columbia River’s gateway at the Pacific Ocean. This corridor is the number one export route in the nation for wheat, and number two for corn and soybeans (Columbia Snake River System Facts). Wood products and petroleum products are also shipped by barge on the river. Additionally, the four Snake River dams produce electricity for the region. The Snake River corridor is also used as a route for rail traffic. The Great Northwest Railroad owns the commercial rail track in this planning area. The track runs parallel to the river on the north bank (river right) throughout the Snake River Little Goose Pool. The Great Northwest Railroad operates manifest trains in this area. Manifest trains include a mix of non-oil merchandise cars, and one or more 714-barrel (29,998 gallon) capacity USDOT-approved tank cars carrying diesel.

 

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Hydrology

The Snake River is the 13th longest river in the United States. The Little Goose Pool is 37.2 miles in length from the bottom of the Lower Granite Dam to the top of the Little Goose Dam. The pool has a surface area of 10,025 acres. The Little Goose Dam, which creates Lake Bryan, is 2,655 feet long and approximately 100 feet tall. The elevation of Lake Bryan during normal dam operations ranges between 633 and 638 feet. The maximum pool elevation at the dam is 646.5 feet. Prior to the construction of the dams the maximum unregulated historical peak discharge was 409,000 cubic feet per second (cfs), which occurred in 1894. Currently, the average annual flow of the Snake River, based on streamflow data near Clarkston, Washington is approximately 50,300 cfs. Several organizations, such as the US Geologic Survey, maintain stream gages on the watercourses in this planning area. Please visit the USGS National Water Information System for current flow conditions.

Most of the flow into the Little Goose Pool comes from the Snake River after having passed through the Lower Granite Dam. Tributary streams entering into the pool include Meadow Creek, Deadman Creek, Penawawa Creek, Casey Creek, Almota Creek, and numerous unnamed creeks. The Little Goose Pool is very lake-like, with dam-controlled outflow rates. The lowest flow rates typically occur during the late summer, autumn, and winter months. Higher flows occur during the spring snow melt. The upper reach of the reservoir below the Lower Granite Dam may attain higher flows than the lower reach, especially during spring runoff. Nearer to the Little Goose Dam, the current is practically nonexistent, except for the area in front of the spillway and powerhouse, which may have strong currents and undertows that are very dangerous.

The planning area is located within Water Resource Inventory Areas Middle Snake (WRIA 35).

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Middle Snake (WRIA 35): The Middle Snake Watershed, in Water Resource Inventory Area (WRIA) 35 is located in the extreme southeast corner of Washington. WRIA 35 is bordered by the state of Oregon to the south, the state of Idaho to the east, the Palouse Watershed (WRIA 34) to the north, and the Walla Walla (WRIA 32) and Lower Snake (WRIA 33) Watersheds to the west. The basin drains approximately 2,250 square miles within the state of Washington. The Middle Snake Watershed encompasses portions of Asotin, Whitman, Garfield, and Columbia Counties within Washington. Diamond Peak, located in the Blue Mountains at the headwaters of the Tucannon River, is the highest point in the basin with an elevation of 6,380 feet. The confluence of the Snake and Tucannon Rivers is the lowest point at approximately 540 feet. The Middle Snake Watershed is semi-arid. Average annual precipitation ranges from 5 to 10 inches in the lowlands along the Snake River up to 45 inches in the peaks of the Blue Mountains. Historically, the Middle Snake Watershed habitat was prairie, canyon grasslands, and shrubsteppe vegetation. Today, much of the land in the WRIA has been converted to crop and livestock production. Non-irrigated row crops, primarily wheat, and grass-forb plant communities comprise the majority (67%) of vegetative cover in the watershed. Coniferous forests cover approximately 20%; a mixture of shrubs and trees covers 7% (WA Ecology, 2015).

The Snake River originates in Yellowstone Park and travels approximately 1,000 miles west through Wyoming, Idaho, and Washington before finally emptying into the Columbia River at Pasco. The Snake River is the largest tributary to the Columbia River and is itself one of the major rivers in the United States.

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Climate and Winds

The climate in this area of the Snake River is arid, with an annual precipitation of 10.4 inches, with over 50% occurring between November and March and little rain in summer. Annual snowfall is 5.8 inches, with more than 75% occurring in December and January. Much of the precipitation occurs as drizzle or intermittent rains from winter through spring with extended periods of cloudiness. (USACE, Lower Snake River Study) A few regional storms with showers occur in winter but heavy rain is rare. Only a small percentage of the precipitation becomes groundwater available for human use. Much of the area within a few miles of the riverbanks is farmed through irrigation using water pulled from the Snake River. The average annual temperature is 53.9°F, ranging from a mean low of 34.2°F in January, to a mean high of 74.2°F in July and August. Recorded temperature extremes are -22°F and 111°F.

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The climate of the lower Snake River is greatly influenced by prevailing southwesterly winds in both summer and winter, with the Cascade Mountain Range shielding the area from winds flowing east from the Pacific Ocean. Average wind speeds usually range from 7-8 mph. Winter storms can include strong winds. Thunderstorms in July and August usually produce little rain but may include strong gusts of wind. Wind erosion, the primary cause of dust emissions in the semi-arid climate of this area, is common in spring and fall. High winds and dry soil conditions may result in dust storms.

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Tides and Currents

There are no tidally influenced areas within the planning area. The Snake river’s flow is governed strictly by dams, with the USACE determining exactly when and how much water is allowed to pass through the spillways.

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Risk Assessment

The Snake River is plentiful in natural, cultural, and economic resources, all at risk of injury from oil spills. Potential risks to these resources include facilities, commercial vessels and barges, road systems, rail transportation, aircraft, recreational boating, and other oil spill risks. Industrial development along this reach of the river consists of storage facilities for grain and irrigation pumping stations.

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Oil Types: Only refined petroleum products are transported in bulk within this planning area. No crude oil is presently transported on or along the shores of the river in this area. Refined products contain a mix of hydrocarbons with varying properties; different types of refined products will behave differently when spilled.

Facilities: The planning area does not contain any Class 1 regulated bulk petroleum facilities. Several smaller facilities that transfer oil over water in lesser volumes, known as Class 3 and Class 4, do operate throughout the Snake River. These include fueling of pleasure craft at marinas. These regulated petroleum facilities, and the products they handle, can be viewed on the Ecology Spills Map.

Commercial Vessels and Barges: The Columbia/Snake corridor offers many port facilities, stretching from Astoria, Oregon to Lewiston, Idaho. The Dalles Lock reports that an average of eight million tons of cargo, mostly grain and petroleum products, pass through each year (USACE, The Dalles, John Day & Willow Creek Dams). Although no ports or marine terminals are present in this planning area, the potential for vessel collisions, allisions, or groundings presents a significant spill risk. Commercial vessels, including tug and barge combinations, carry substantial amounts of heavy and blended fuel oils and other petroleum products.

Road Systems: Vehicle traffic on roadways pose an oil spill risk in areas where they run adjacent to the shorelines, or cross over lakes, rivers, creeks, and ditches, that drain into the Snake River. There are very few roads in this planning area. Only a few small roads run parallel to the river in a few places. There is only one bridge that crosses the Snake River in this planning area, which is Washington Highway 127 at Central Ferry. However, there are several smaller bridges where vehicles cross tributaries or small lakes along the shoreline. A vehicle spill onto one of these bridges or roadways can cause fuel or oil to flow from hardened surfaces into the Snake River or its tributaries. Commercial trucks can contain hundreds to thousands of gallons of fuel and oil, especially fully loaded tank trucks, and may carry almost any kind of cargo, including hazardous waste or other materials that might injure sensitive resources if spilled. Smaller vehicle accidents pose a risk as well, a risk commensurate to the volume of fuel and oil they carry.

Rail Transportation: The Great Northwest Railroad owns the commercial rail track in this planning area. The track runs parallel to the river on the north bank (river right) throughout the Snake River Little Goose Pool. The Great Northwest Railroad does not carry crude oil but does transport a limited number of diesel loads from Lewiston, Idaho to Ayer Junction. This occurs in the form of manifest trains. Manifest trains include up to four locomotives, a mix of non-oil merchandise cars, and one or more 714-barrel (29,998 gallon) capacity USDOT-approved tank cars carrying diesel. These trains may also include emptied tank cars, each with residual quantities of petroleum products. Every train locomotive typically holds a few hundred gallons of engine lubrication oil, plus saddle tanks that each have an approximate capacity of 5,000 gallons of diesel fuel. Manifest trains may also transport biological oils and non-petroleum chemicals.

Aircraft: The Little Goose Airport and the Lower Granite State Airport are both within the Snake River Little Goose-GRP planning area. Managed by Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), they are primarily used for recreational and transit purposes. Since these airports are close to the river, the potential exists for aircraft failures during inbound or outbound flights that result in a spill by releasing aviation fuel to the Snake River or its tributaries.

Recreational Boating: Accidents involving recreational watercraft on the Snake River have the potential to result in spills of a few gallons of gasoline up to hundreds of gallons of diesel fuel. Examples of such accidents might include vessel collisions, allisions, groundings, fires, sinking, or explosions. These types of accidents, as well as problems with bilge discharges and refueling operations, the most typical types of spills to occur, have a negative impact on sensitive river resources.

Other Spill Risks: Other potential oil spill risks in the area include, dam turbine mechanical failures, fuel storage areas (including waste oil storage), road run-off during rain events, onshore or near shore activities where heavy equipment is being operated or stored, and the migration of spilled oil through soil on lands adjacent to the river or its tributary streams.

 

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Resources at Risk

Wildlife:

This section provides a summary of natural, cultural, and economic resources at risk in the planning area, including those resources at risk from oils with the potential to sink or submerge. It provides general information on habitat, fish, and wildlife resources, and locations in the area where sensitive natural resource concerns have been identified. It offers a summary of cultural resources that include fundamental procedures for the discovery of cultural artifacts and human skeletal remains. General information about flight restrictions, wildlife deterrence, and oiled wildlife can be found near the end of this section. A list of economic resources in the area is downloadable from the table of contents on this webpage.

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This section is purposely broad in scope and should not be considered comprehensive. Some of the sensitive resources described in this section cannot be addressed in Response Strategies and Priorities because it is not possible to conduct effective response activities in these locations. Additional information from private organizations or federal, state, tribal, and local government agencies should also be sought during spills. This material is presented with enough detail to give general information about the area during the first phase of a spill response. During an actual incident, more information about resources at risk will be available from the Environmental Unit in the Planning Section.

Note: specific resource concerns related to areas that already have designated protection strategies may be found in the “Resources At Risk” column of the matrix describing the individual strategies.

The information provided in this section can be used in:

• Assisting the Environmental Unit (EU) and Operations in developing ad hoc response strategies.
• Providing resource-at-risk “context” to responders, clean-up workers, and others during the initial phase of a spill response in the GRP area.
• Briefing responders and incident command staff that may be unfamiliar with sensitive resource concerns in the GRP area.
• Providing background information for personnel involved in media presentations and public outreach during a spill incident.
• Providing information on benthic and water column species or cultural resources present to assist in planning for oils with the potential to sink or submerge.

 

Natural Resources at Risk SummaryThis area contains a wide variety of aquatic, riparian, and upland habitats. These habitats support many of Washington’s anadromous salmonid species as well as a complex diversity of other wildlife including mammals, birds, and amphibians. Due to their life histories and/or behaviors, some of these species are unlikely to be directly oiled during a spill incident but may be disturbed by other operations such as cleanup, reconnaissance, or fire suppression activities.  Some of the bird species are resident throughout the year, but many others seasonally migrate outside the basin.

A number of the species found in this area are classified as threatened or endangered under the Federal Endangered Species Act or Washington State guidelines.

Classification types are:

• Federal Endangered (FE)
• Federal Threatened (FT)
• Federal Candidate (FC)
• State Endangered (SE)
• State Threatened (ST)
• State Sensitive (SS)

Federal and State Threatened and Endangered species that may occur within this area, at some time of year, include:

Birds:

• American white pelican [SS]
• Common loon [SS]
• Ferruginous hawk [ST]
• Yellow-billed Cuckoo [FT/SE]

 Mammals:

• Gray Wolf [SE]

Fish:

• Bull trout [FT]
• Chinook [FT]
• Sockeye [FE]
• Steelhead [FT]

Plants:

• Spalding’s catchfly [FT]

Insects:

• Monarch butterfly [FC]

Critical habitats are the specific areas occupied by an endangered or threatened species that contain the physical or biological features that are essential to the conservation of that species – and that may need special management or protection. Critical habitat may also include areas that were not occupied by the species at the time of listing but are essential to its conservation. Critical Habitats for the following species have been federally designated within this area:

• Bull trout
• Chinook
• Steelhead
• Sockeye

General Resource Concerns

Habitats:

Wetlands in this region include areas along the main stem of the Snake River.  All wetland types support a diverse array of bird, insect, fish, and wildlife species.

Islands provide important nesting habitat for a variety of bird species, as well as habitat for a variety of mammals. Gravel bars provide spawning habitat for Chinook salmon.

Stream mouths are concentration areas for anadromous fish and are feeding areas for a variety of birds including American white pelican.

Riparian vegetation is heavily used by a variety of wildlife and may also improve nearshore fish habitat. Riparian scrub and woodlands support a disproportionately high diversity and abundance of birds that depend on this habitat for nesting and rearing young, as well as for forage and cover during migration and overwintering.

Human-made structures such as pilings and rock jetties may be used as roosting or nesting areas for a variety of birds.

Cliffs, bluffs, and rock outcroppings provide roosting or nesting habitat for various birds of prey, upland birds, and bats.

The riverbed habitats in this area consist primarily of soft sediments, such as clay, mud, sand, and gravel and support a variety of aquatic, semi-aquatic, and bottom dwelling organisms such as the invertebrate larvae of insects (caddis flies, mayflies, and dragonflies and stoneflies), snails and freshwater mussels, and crayfish. Many species of bottom-dwelling fish also rely on this habitat. This entire stretch of the Snake River is designated Critical Habitat for sockeye, chinook, steelhead, and bull trout. The benthic habitats in streams and rivers may include freshwater mussels and immature lamprey.

 

Fish:

Salmonids (including Chinook, sockeye, cutthroat trout, steelhead, and bull trout) are present in the river system throughout the year. Juvenile salmonids use backwaters, nearshore areas, and protected bays as rearing and foraging areas prior to migration into the ocean. Returning adult salmonids support tribal, commercial and recreational fisheries.

In addition to salmonids, several other species of freshwater fish (including bass, crappie, catfish, suckers, and white sturgeon) are present within this reach of the Snake River. These species all contribute to recreational fisheries and provide important contributions to stream ecology.

Freshwater mussels are present within this general area.

 

Wildlife:

Bald eagles, osprey, and great blue herons are nesting residents and may be found year-round throughout the region.

Peregrine falcons, golden eagles nest in the region as well prairie falcons and Swainson’s hawks.

American white pelicans are known to occur in small groups near the mouth of the Snake River and may also occur along other parts of the river.

Migratory and wintering waterfowl and shorebirds – Large concentrations occur throughout this entire reach of the Snake River particularly fall through spring. Hundreds to thousands of geese and dabbling ducks may occupy this region during this period. Both resident and migratory waterfowl heavily utilize the islands, backwaters, wetlands, and adjacent uplands of the region from fall through spring. The islands in this region also provide nesting habitat for resident waterfowl.

Resident and migratory songbirds heavily utilize riparian habitats year-round and are susceptible to oiling or oil ingestion if riparian vegetation and shorelines become contaminated and are vulnerable to disturbance from response activities during the nesting season.

Mammals common to the reach include deer and elk, bats, and various semi-aquatic species such as muskrat, beaver, river otter, etc.  Semi-aquatic mammals are largely dependent on riverine areas, ponds, tributaries, and riparian forests for den sites and foraging areas.

Specific Geographic Areas of Concern

The US Army Corps of Engineers established numerous Habitat Management Units (HMUs) along the Snake River to improve habitat. The size and complexity of these HMUs varies, but many of them include irrigation, tree and shrub plantings, food plots, nesting and brooding cover, brush piles, and nesting structures that attract wildlife.

Other significant wildlife areas, in addition to those habitats provided by HMUs, include shorelines with natural riparian vegetation, islands, wetlands, stream and river mouths (both free-flowing and impounded), and shallow backwater areas – especially adjacent to natural shorelines.  Public parks, private lands, and recreational areas surround the river. Specific areas of concern are listed below and depicted on the maps near the end of this section (Figures 1-3). The number that precedes the area name in the list (below) relates to the numbered area on the map.

Figure 1

1) Central Ferry Park (~RM 83, north): Approximately 185 acres; public day-use area administered by the US Army Corp of Engineers. Salmonid and waterfowl presence. Wetland and riparian habitat.

2) Deadman Creek (~RM 83, south): Steelhead, waterfowl concentrations. Wetland and riparian habitat.

 

Figure 2

3) Willow Landing (~RM 88, south): Approximately 74 acres; camping, boating and public day-use area administered by the US Army Corp of Engineers. Salmonid presence, waterfowl concentrations. Riparian, wetland, and slough habitats. Adjacent Hasting and Tucker Bars have similar habitats.

4) Penawawa Habitat Management Unit (~RM 91, north): Approximately 233 acres; fishing, hunting, wildlife viewing area administered by the US Army Corp of Engineers. Steelhead, waterfowl concentration area. Riparian and wetland habitat.

5) Rice Bar Habitat Management Unit (~RM 93, south): Approximately 479 acres; fishing, hunting, wildlife viewing area administered by the US Army Corp of Engineers. Salmonid presence, waterfowl concentrations. Riparian and slough habitats.

6) Swift Bar: (~RM 95, north): Salmonid presence, waterfowl concentrations. Riparian and slough habitats.

 

Figure 3

7) Casey/Lambi Creeks (~RM 101, south): Approximately 2 acres; camping, boating and public day-use area administered by the US Army Corp of Engineers. Salmonid presence, waterfowl concentrations. Riparian and wetland habitats.

8) Almota Creek (~RM 104): Steelhead, waterfowl concentrations. Riparian and wetland habitats. Known location of Spalding’s catchfly in palouse and canyon grasslands.